Cerium Oxide with Large Surface Area Specifications

Properties

Note: The above product information is based on theoretical data. For specific requirements and detailed inquiries, please contact us.

Product Description

Cerium Oxide with Large Surface Area is a nanocrystalline material engineered to maximize surface exposure and reactivity, making it highly valuable in various catalytic and environmental applications. Its key property is a high specific surface area, often achieved through methods such as sol-gel synthesis, hydrothermal processing, or precipitation techniques, followed by controlled calcination. This increased surface area enhances the number of active sites available for chemical reactions, significantly boosting the material's catalytic efficiency.

One of the most important features of cerium oxide (CeO₂) is its ability to switch between Ce⁴⁺ and Ce³⁺ oxidation states. This redox flexibility enables the material to store and release oxygen readily, making it highly effective in oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions. The presence of oxygen vacancies, which are more prevalent in high-surface-area forms, further enhances its catalytic and oxygen buffering properties. These vacancies play a vital role in reactions such as CO oxidation, NOₓ reduction, and hydrocarbon processing.

Additionally, cerium oxide with a large surface area displays excellent thermal stability and resistance to sintering, which helps maintain its porous structure and reactivity at high temperatures. This makes it suitable for harsh operating environments, such as those encountered in automotive catalytic converters, fuel cells, and high-temperature oxidation catalysts. Its physicochemical stability and tunable surface chemistry also support its use in biomedical, sensing, and energy storage applications.

Applications

1. Automotive Catalytic Converters: Acts as an oxygen buffer and supports redox reactions to reduce emissions of CO, NOₓ, and hydrocarbons in vehicle exhaust systems.
2. Three-Way Catalysts (TWC): Enhances the performance of platinum group metals in TWCs by improving oxygen storage and release behavior under fluctuating air-fuel ratios.
3. Fuel Cells: Used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) as an electrolyte or cathode material, where its ionic conductivity and thermal resilience are critical.
4. CO Oxidation and VOC Treatment: Serves as a catalyst or support for oxidizing carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds in industrial air purification systems.
5. Water-Gas Shift Reaction: Functions as a catalyst or co-catalyst for hydrogen production by promoting CO conversion in the water-gas shift process.
6. Hydrogen Storage and Generation: Plays a role in hydrogen-related technologies due to its ability to store and release oxygen efficiently.
7. UV Absorption and Sunscreen Formulations: Utilized in cosmetics and coatings as a UV absorber, thanks to its ability to block harmful ultraviolet radiation.
8. Biomedical Applications: Investigated for use in antioxidant therapy, drug delivery, and biosensing due to its biocompatibility and redox activity.
9. Sensors and Gas Detection: Used in oxygen and gas sensors because of its sensitivity to changes in ambient oxygen concentration.
10. Energy Storage: Explored as a material in lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors for its stability and surface properties.

Packaging

Our products are packaged in customized cartons of various sizes based on the material dimensions. Small items are securely packed in PP (polypropylene) boxes, while larger items are placed in custom wooden crates. We ensure strict adherence to packaging customization and the use of appropriate cushioning materials to provide optimal protection during transportation.

Packaging Options:

• Carton
• Wooden Box
• Customized Packaging Solutions

Please review the packaging details provided for your reference. For special packaging needs, feel free to contact us.

Manufacturing Process

Testing Method

1. Chemical Composition Analysis: Verified using techniques such as Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS) or X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) to ensure compliance with purity requirements.
2. Mechanical Properties Testing: Includes tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation tests to assess material performance.
3. Dimensional Inspection: Measures thickness, width, and length to ensure adherence to specified tolerances.
4. Surface Quality Inspection: Checks for defects such as scratches, cracks, or inclusions through visual and ultrasonic examination.
5. Hardness Testing: Determines material hardness to confirm uniformity and mechanical reliability.

Please refer to the SMC testing procedures for detailed information.

FAQs

Q1. Why is a high surface area important in cerium oxide?
A: A larger surface area increases the number of active sites available for chemical reactions, improving the material’s efficiency in catalysis, oxidation, and other surface-dependent processes.

Q2. What are its key properties?
A: High oxygen storage capacity, excellent redox behavior (Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ cycling), thermal stability, strong resistance to sintering, and good chemical durability.

Q3. How is it typically synthesized?
A: Common methods include sol-gel, hydrothermal synthesis, precipitation, and combustion processes, followed by controlled calcination to retain porosity and nanostructure.

Performance Comparison Table with Competitive Products

Cerium Oxide with Large Surface Area vs. Competitive Catalysts

Additional Information

Common Preparation Methods

Cerium Oxide with Large Surface Area (CeO₂) is typically prepared using a wet chemical method such as the sol-gel or precipitation technique. The process involves the following steps:

1. Preparation of Aqueous Solutions:
   Cerium salts like cerium nitrate or cerium chloride are dissolved in water.

2. Reaction with a Base:
   A base such as ammonium hydroxide or sodium carbonate is added under controlled pH and temperature conditions to form a cerium hydroxide or carbonate precursor.

3. Precipitation:
   The reaction mixture is allowed to precipitate, forming nanostructured cerium hydroxide or carbonate.

4. Filtration and Washing:
   The precipitate is filtered and thoroughly washed to remove impurities.

5. Drying:
   The washed precursor is dried at low temperatures to remove moisture.

6. Calcination:
   The dried precursor is calcined at moderate temperatures (usually between 300°C and 500°C) to form nanostructured cerium oxide with high porosity and surface area. Careful control of calcination parameters helps retain the desired nanostructure and surface characteristics essential for enhanced catalytic performance.

This method yields a high-purity, nanostructured cerium oxide with significant surface area and porosity, making it suitable for various high-performance applications.

Characterization Techniques

To ensure the quality and performance of Cerium Oxide with Large Surface Area, the following characterization techniques are employed:

• X-ray Diffraction (XRD):
  Determines the crystalline structure and phase composition of the catalyst, ensuring the formation of a homogeneous CeO₂ phase.

• Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM):
  Evaluates the morphology, particle size distribution, and surface characteristics of the catalyst particles.

• Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM):
  Provides detailed insights into the internal structure and nanoscale features of the catalyst.

• Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Surface Area Analysis:
  Measures the specific surface area, which is critical for catalytic activity and oxygen storage capacity.

• Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA):
  Assesses the thermal stability and weight changes during heating, indicating decomposition temperatures and stability under operating conditions.

• Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS):
  Ensures precise determination of the elemental composition and purity of the catalyst.

• Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR):
  Identifies functional groups and verifies the structural integrity of the cerium oxide.

• Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR):
  Evaluates the redox properties and oxygen mobility within the catalyst, essential for its performance in catalytic cycles.

• Surface Area and Pore Volume Analysis:
  Determines the porosity and surface characteristics, which are vital for catalytic activity and durability.

These comprehensive characterization methods ensure that the Cerium Oxide with Large Surface Area meets the highest standards required for its diverse applications in automotive emission control, industrial catalysis, and energy systems.