Cerium-Zirconium-Lanthanum-Praseodymium Catalyst Specifications

Note: Specifications are based on theoretical data. For detailed information and specific requirements, please contact us.

Product Description

Stanford Materials Corporation’s Cerium-Zirconium-Lanthanum-Praseodymium Catalyst (40CeO₂-50Zr(Hf)O₂-5La₂O₃-5Pr₆O₁₁) is an advanced mixed oxide catalyst engineered for optimal performance in demanding catalytic applications. Presented as a reddish-brown powder, this catalyst combines the synergistic properties of cerium, zirconium, lanthanum, and praseodymium to deliver exceptional durability, thermal stability, and oxygen storage capacity.

Key Features:

• High Oxygen Storage Capacity (OSC): Facilitates efficient redox reactions, essential for effective catalytic performance in oxidation and reduction processes.
• Enhanced Thermal Stability: Maintains structural integrity and active surface area at elevated temperatures, resisting sintering and deactivation.
• Superior Redox Properties: Promotes rapid and reversible redox cycles, improving catalytic efficiency and longevity.
• Resistance to Sulfur Poisoning: Minimizes catalyst deactivation in the presence of sulfur-containing compounds, enhancing reliability in automotive exhaust systems.

Applications:

• Automotive Catalytic Converters: Essential for reducing emissions of CO, NOₓ, and hydrocarbons from internal combustion engines, aiding in compliance with stringent environmental regulations.
• Industrial Catalysis: Utilized in various oxidation and reduction reactions within chemical manufacturing, specialty chemical production, and petrochemical refining.
• Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Reactions: Enhances efficiency in converting unsaturated compounds to saturated ones and vice versa, pivotal in the chemical industry.
• Water Gas Shift Reaction: Supports hydrogen production processes critical for fuel cell technologies and hydrogen-based energy systems.
• Fuel Cells: Improves oxidation reactions in fuel cells, contributing to more efficient energy production.
• Pollution Control in Industrial Plants: Reduces harmful emissions in power generation and manufacturing processes under high-temperature conditions.
• CO Oxidation and NOₓ Reduction in Gasoline Engines: Enhances the conversion of toxic gases into less harmful substances, ensuring cleaner exhaust systems.

Handling Instructions:
Handle with appropriate protective equipment to avoid inhalation, skin contact, and eye exposure. Store in a cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers to prevent moisture uptake and maintain catalyst efficacy.

Applications

1. Automotive Catalytic Converters: Integral in emission control systems, these catalysts reduce harmful emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), and hydrocarbons (HC) from vehicle exhaust gases, thereby improving air quality and adhering to environmental regulations.
2. Industrial Catalysis: Employed in various industrial processes requiring efficient oxidation or reduction reactions, including chemical manufacturing and petrochemical refining.
3. Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Reactions: Facilitates the conversion of unsaturated compounds into saturated ones and the removal of hydrogen from organic compounds, enhancing process efficiency in the chemical industry.
4. Water Gas Shift Reaction: Utilized in producing hydrogen, essential for fuel cell technology and hydrogen-based energy systems.
5. Fuel Cells: Enhances oxidation reactions in fuel cells, contributing to more efficient energy production.
6. Pollution Control in Industrial Plants: Used to reduce harmful emissions in industrial settings such as power generation and manufacturing, especially under high-temperature conditions.
7. CO Oxidation and NOₓ Reduction in Gasoline Engines: Assists in the efficient oxidation of CO and reduction of NOₓ emissions from gasoline-powered engines, ensuring cleaner exhaust systems.

Packaging

SMC ensures secure and customized packaging tailored to your specific requirements:

• Small Quantities: Packed in durable PP (polypropylene) boxes for safe handling.
• Large Quantities: Shipped in custom wooden crates to accommodate bulk orders.
• Customization: Various carton sizes and cushioning materials are available to ensure optimal protection during transit, regardless of shipment size or destination.

Packaging Options:

• Carton
• Wooden Box
• Customized Packaging Solutions

Please review the packaging details provided for your reference. For special packaging needs, feel free to contact us.

Manufacturing Process

Our meticulous manufacturing process ensures the highest quality Cerium-Zirconium-Lanthanum-Praseodymium Catalyst:

1. Chemical Composition Analysis: Verified using advanced techniques such as Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (GDMS) or X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) to ensure compliance with purity requirements.
2. Mechanical Properties Testing: Includes assessments of tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation to evaluate material performance.
3. Dimensional Inspection: Measures particle size distribution (D₅₀), thickness, and other dimensional parameters to ensure adherence to specified tolerances.
4. Surface Quality Checks: Identifies and eliminates defects such as cracks, inclusions, or irregularities through visual and ultrasonic examination.
5. Hardness Testing: Determines material hardness to confirm uniformity and mechanical reliability.

For detailed information, please refer to SMC’s comprehensive testing procedures.

FAQs

Q1. What makes these catalysts special?
A: Their high oxygen storage capacity (OSC) and ability to undergo redox reactions make them effective for both oxidation and reduction processes. The combination of cerium for oxygen storage, zirconium for stability, and lanthanum and praseodymium for enhanced redox properties results in superior performance, durability, and resistance to deactivation compared to conventional catalysts.

Q2. What are the main applications of these catalysts?
A: They are primarily used in automotive catalytic converters to reduce emissions such as CO, NOₓ, and hydrocarbons. Additionally, they have significant industrial applications in hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and other oxidation-reduction processes within chemical manufacturing and petrochemical refining.

Q3. Why are these catalysts important for automotive use?
A: These catalysts are crucial in reducing harmful emissions from internal combustion engines, helping vehicles meet stringent environmental standards. They efficiently convert toxic gases like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides into less harmful substances, thereby contributing to cleaner exhaust systems and improved air quality.

Performance Comparison Table with Competitive Products

Ce-Zr-La-Pr Catalyst (40CeO₂-50Zr(Hf)O₂-5La₂O₃-5Pr₆O₁₁) vs. Competitive Catalysts

Additional Information

Common Preparation Methods

Cerium-Zirconium-Lanthanum-Praseodymium Catalyst (40CeO₂-50Zr(Hf)O₂-5La₂O₃-5Pr₆O₁₁) is typically synthesized using a co-precipitation method followed by calcination. The standard synthesis procedure involves the following steps:

1. Preparation of Aqueous Solutions:
   Prepare separate aqueous solutions containing the nitrates or chlorides of cerium (Ce), zirconium (Zr) or hafnium (Hf), lanthanum (La), and praseodymium (Pr) in stoichiometric ratios corresponding to the desired composition (40-50-5-5 wt%).

2. Mixing and Precipitation:
   Gradually mix the aqueous solutions under constant stirring while maintaining the temperature between 25–30°C. A precipitating agent, such as ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH) or oxalic acid (H₂C₂O₄), is slowly added to the mixed solution to induce the simultaneous precipitation of the mixed hydroxides or oxalates.

3. Aging:
   Allow the precipitate to age for several hours to ensure complete reaction and improve crystallinity. This step enhances the homogeneity and particle uniformity of the final catalyst.

4. Filtration and Washing:
   Filter the aged precipitate to remove the mother liquor. Thoroughly wash the solid with deionized water to eliminate residual ions and impurities that could affect catalyst performance.

5. Drying:
   Dry the washed precipitate at moderate temperatures (100-120°C) to remove moisture. This results in a dried precursor with the desired mixed oxide composition.

6. Calcination:
   Calcine the dried precursor at high temperatures, typically between 500-800°C, to form the final mixed oxide catalyst. Calcination facilitates the formation of a homogeneous solid solution, improves surface area, and enhances redox properties and thermal stability.

7. Milling and Sieving:
   After calcination, the catalyst powder is milled to achieve the desired particle size distribution (D₅₀ of 3-12 μm) and sieved to ensure uniformity.

This co-precipitation and calcination method yields a high-purity, finely dispersed mixed oxide catalyst with excellent oxygen storage capacity and thermal stability, making it suitable for automotive and industrial catalytic applications.

Characterization Techniques

To ensure the quality and performance of the Cerium-Zirconium-Lanthanum-Praseodymium Catalyst, the following characterization techniques are employed:

• X-ray Diffraction (XRD):
  Determines the crystalline structure and phase composition of the catalyst, ensuring the formation of a homogeneous mixed oxide.

• Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM):
  Evaluates the morphology, particle size distribution, and surface characteristics of the catalyst particles.

• Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM):
  Provides detailed insights into the internal structure and nanoscale features of the catalyst.

• Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Surface Area Analysis:
  Measures the specific surface area, which is critical for catalytic activity and oxygen storage capacity.

• Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA):
  Assesses the thermal stability and weight changes during heating, indicating decomposition temperatures and stability under operating conditions.

• Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS):
  Ensures precise determination of the elemental composition and purity of the catalyst.

• Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR):
  Identifies functional groups and verifies the structural integrity of the mixed oxide catalyst.

• Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR):
  Evaluates the redox properties and oxygen mobility within the catalyst, essential for its performance in catalytic cycles.

• Surface Area and Pore Volume Analysis:
  Determines the porosity and surface characteristics, which are vital for catalytic activity and durability.

These comprehensive characterization methods ensure that the Cerium-Zirconium-Lanthanum-Praseodymium Catalyst meets the highest standards required for its diverse applications in automotive emission control, industrial catalysis, and energy systems.